Q&A on artificial intelligence for supporting public health: Reference tool to support the exchange of information and promote open conversations and debates

This policy document provides key concepts, recommended lines of action, and indicators for monitoring, with the aim of advancing interoperability as one of the eight guiding principles for the digital transformation of the health sector, as promoted by the Pan American Health Organization.

O mundo privado na UTI: análise da internação de pacientes oncológicos / The private world in the ICU: analysis of the hospitalization of oncology patientes / El mundo privado en la UCI: análisis de la hospitalización de pacientes oncológicos

O presente estudo buscou investigar a percepção que pacientes adultos de uma unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) oncológica têm acerca da experiência de internação nesse setor. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa e de compreensão. Sete pacientes de um hospital de câncer na região Sul do país foram pesquisados. Eles responderam a uma entrevista semiestruturada, a qual foi gravada e posteriormente transcrita, o que possibilitou o acesso às concepções prévias desses sujeitos acerca da UTI, aspectos psicológicos presentes durante a internação e concepções posteriores à experiência de internamento na unidade. Tais informações foram interpretadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. A partir dos resultados, foi possível verificar que a experiência de internação em contextos de terapia intensiva pode ser afetada, favorável ou desfavoravelmente, pelo conjunto de regras que o paciente traz consigo acerca do que é a UTI. Além disso, foi possível compreender também que os estímulos aversivos existentes nesse ambiente podem ser atenuados pela presença da família e por uma relação acolhedora e sensível com a equipe de saúde, favorecendo, assim, o repertório de enfrentamento do paciente frente a esse momento crítico de saúde.(AU)

This study aims to investigate the perception of adult patients in an oncology intensive care unit (ICU) regarding the experience of hospitalization in this sector. This is a research with a qualitative approach and understanding. Seven patients from a cancer hospital in the southern region of the country were surveyed. They answered a semi-structured interview, which was recorded and later transcribed, on the subjects' previous conceptions about the ICU, psychological aspects present during hospitalization, and conceptions subsequent to the hospitalization experience in the Unit. Such information was interpreted through content analysis. From the results, it was possible to verify that the experience of hospitalization in intensive care contexts can be affected, favorably or unfavorably, by the set of rules that the patient brings with them about what the ICU is. In addition, it was also possible to understand that the aversive stimulus existing in this environment can be attenuated by the presence of the family and by a welcoming and sensitive relationship with the health team, thus favoring the patient's coping repertoire when facing a critical moment of health.(AU)

Este estudio pretendió investigar la percepción que tienen los pacientes adultos sobre la experiencia de hospitalización en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) de oncología. Se trata de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo y de comprensión. Participaron siete pacientes de un hospital oncológico en la región Sur de Brasil. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada, que fue grabada y, posteriormente, transcrita, lo que permitió acceder a las concepciones previas de los sujetos sobre la UCI, los aspectos psicológicos presentes durante la hospitalización y las concepciones posteriores a la experiencia de internación en la Unidad. Dicha información se interpretó mediante análisis de contenido. A partir de los resultados, fue posible constatar que la experiencia de hospitalización en cuidados intensivos puede ser afectada favorable o desfavorablemente por el conjunto de normas que el paciente trae consigo sobre qué es la UTI. Además, se constató que los estímulos adversos existentes en este ambiente pueden mitigarse mediante la presencia de la familia y la relación acogedora y sensible con el equipo de salud, lo que favorece así el repertorio de afrontamiento del paciente ante este momento crítico de salud.(AU)

Roles a corto y mediano plazo en los sistemas de información para la salud

La caja de herramientas de transformación digital fue creada con el objetivo de ofrecer recursos gerenciales, técnicos, de conocimiento, de comunicación y académicos a todos aquellos profesionales de la salud, tomadores de decisiones e instituciones dedicadas al fortalecimiento de los sistemas de información para la salud, con miras a alcanzar el acceso universal a la salud y la cobertura universal de salud en la Región de las Américas, mediante el acceso a datos de buena calidad, información estratégica y herramientas de salud digital para la toma de decisiones y el bienestar. La categoría de herramientas gerenciales dentro de la caja de herramientas de transformación digital, proporciona materiales de apoyo para la construcción de grupos técnicos, estrategias, guías de planeación, características y roles de los recursos humanos, además de términos de referencia para conducir las actividades relacionadas al fortalecimiento de los sistemas de información para la salud en la Región.

Formulación de una estrategia nacional de cibersalud

La caja de herramientas de transformación digital fue creada con el objetivo de ofrecer recursos gerenciales, técnicos, de conocimiento, de comunicación y académicos a todos aquellos profesionales de la salud, tomadores de decisiones e instituciones dedicadas al fortalecimiento de los sistemas de información para la salud, con miras a alcanzar el acceso universal a la salud y la cobertura universal de salud en la Región de las Américas, mediante el acceso a datos de buena calidad, información estratégica y herramientas de salud digital para la toma de decisiones y el bienestar. La categoría de herramientas gerenciales dentro de la caja de herramientas de transformación digital, proporciona materiales de apoyo para la construcción de grupos técnicos, estrategias, guías de planeación, características y roles de los recursos humanos, además de términos de referencia para conducir las actividades relacionadas al fortalecimiento de los sistemas de información para la salud en la Región.

Guide de planification de l’évaluation de la maturité

La boîte à outils de transformation numérique a été créée dans le but d'offrir des ressources managériales, techniques, de connaissances, de communication et académiques à tous les professionnels de la santé, décideurs et institutions dédiés au renforcement des systèmes d'information de santé, en vue de parvenir à l'accès universel à la santé et à la couverture sanitaire universelle dans la Région des Amériques grâce à l'accès à des données de bonne qualité, à des informations stratégiques et à des outils de santé numériques pour la prise de décision et le bien-être. La catégorie des outils de gestion au sein de la boîte à outils de la transformation numérique, fournit des supports pour la construction des groupes techniques, des stratégies, des guides de planification, des caractéristiques et des rôles des ressources humaines, ainsi que des termes de référence pour mener des activités liées au renforcement des systèmes d'information. pour la santé dans la Région.

Rôles à court et moyen terme pour les systèmes d’information pour la santé

La boîte à outils de transformation numérique a été créée dans le but d'offrir des ressources managériales, techniques, de connaissances, de communication et académiques à tous les professionnels de la santé, décideurs et institutions dédiés au renforcement des systèmes d'information de santé, en vue de parvenir à l'accès universel à la santé et à la couverture sanitaire universelle dans la Région des Amériques grâce à l'accès à des données de bonne qualité, à des informations stratégiques et à des outils de santé numériques pour la prise de décision et le bien-être. La catégorie des outils de gestion au sein de la boîte à outils de la transformation numérique, fournit des supports pour la construction des groupes techniques, des stratégies, des guides de planification, des caractéristiques et des rôles des ressources humaines, ainsi que des termes de référence pour mener des activités liées au renforcement des systèmes d'information. pour la santé dans la Région.

Plataformização e o uso da informação para a criação de estímulos de consumo / Platformization and the use of information for the creation of consumption response / La plataformización y el uso de la información para crear estímulos al consumidor

Resumo Vivemos numa sociedade em que a existência está diretamente associada a visibilidade dos indivíduos. As construções narrativas que validam este processo trabalham com imagens e vídeos que projetam e constroem as nossas vivências em múltiplas plataformas digitais. Através delas é possível mapear boa parte de nossas ações e interações. Esses dados são valiosos indicativos de nosso comportamento social e emocional diante de variados temas e situações. As plataformas digitais utilizam essas informações na dinâmica do capitalismo de dados, extraindo valor a partir de mecanismos automatizados de coleta e operados por sujeitos algorítmicos. Por meio da organização de Big Data novos padrões de consumo são estimulados através de entregas customizadas para determinados grupos de pessoas interconectadas. Este estudo mostra as características deste processo operado em ambientes heterotópicos em que o espaço-tempo é formatado pela lógica das plataformas. Além disso, será apresentado um panorama sobre como esse artifício se tornou possível por causa da necessidade de relevância em que a autonomia do indivíduo nas redes é proporcional a sua submissão as regras de vigilância e exploração econômica. Através desta premissa este estudo apresenta dados recentes sobre a relação de confiança dos brasileiros nestas plataformas digitais que, paradoxalmente, ocupam lugar de destaque como fonte de informação primordial para boa parte da população no Brasil.

Abstract We live in a society in which the existence is directly associated with the visibility of the individuals. The narrative constructions that validate these processes work with images and videos that project and build our experiences on multiple digital platforms. Through them it is possible to map part of our actions and interactions. These data are valuable indicators of our social and emotional behavior in the face of many themes and situations. Digital platforms use this information in the dynamic of data capitalism, extracting value from automated collection mechanisms operated by algorithmic subjects. Through the Big Data organization, consumption patterns are stimulated through customized deliveries for certain groups of interconnected people. This study shows the characteristics of this process operated in heterotopic environments in which space-time is operated by the platform logic. In addition to that, an overview will be presented on how this artifice became possible because of the need for relevance in which the individuals autonomy in networks is proportional to their submission to the rules of surveillance and economic exploitation. Through this premise, this study also presents recent data on the trust relationship of Brazilians in these digital platforms that, paradoxically, occupy a prominent place as a primary source of information for a large part of the population in Brazil.

Resumen Vivimos en una sociedad en la que la existencia está directamente asociada a la visibilidad de los individuos. Las construcciones narrativas que validan este proceso funcionan con imágenes y vídeos que proyectan y construyen nuestras experiencias en múltiples plataformas digitales. A través de ellos es posible mapear la mayoría de nuestras acciones e interacciones. Estos datos son valiosos indicadores de nuestro comportamiento social y emocional ante diversos temas y situaciones. Las plataformas digitales utilizan esta información en la dinámica del capitalismo de datos, extrayendo valor de los mecanismos de recogida automatizada operados por sujetos algorítmicos. A través de la organización de Big Data se estimulan nuevos patrones de consumo mediante entregas personalizadas a determinados grupos de personas interconectadas. Este estudio muestra las características de este proceso operado en entornos heterotópicos en los que el espacio-tiempo está formateado por la lógica de las plataformas. Además, se presentará una visión general de cómo este artificio fue posible debido a la necesidad de relevancia en la que la autonomía del individuo en las redes es proporcional a su sometimiento a las reglas de vigilancia y explotación económica. A través de esta premisa, este estudio presenta datos recientes sobre la relación de confianza de los brasileños en estas plataformas digitales que, paradójicamente, ocupan un lugar destacado como fuente primaria de información para gran parte de la población en Brasil.

NLM and the IAIMS Initiative: Cross-Institutional Academic/Advanced Systems Contributing to the Evolution of Networked Information and Resources.

The Integrated Academic/Advanced Information Systems (IAIMS) program began in 1983 and was based on a study by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). Donald A.B. Lindberg M.D. was a member of the AAMC Advisory Committee. The U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) grants for IAIMS were initiated in 1984 the same year Dr. Lindberg became Director of the NLM. This chapter presents an overview of IAIMS and its progression through three stages with Dr. Lindberg's leadership.

Short to medium-term IS4H roles

The digital transformation toolkit was created with the aim of offering managerial, technical, knowledge, communication, and academic resources to all those health professionals, decision-makers, and institutions dedicated to strengthening health information systems, with the vision of achieving universal access to health and universal health coverage in the Region through access to good quality data, strategic information, and digital health tools for decision-making and well-being. The category of managerial tools within the digital transformation toolkit provides support materials for the construction of technical groups, strategies, planning guides, characteristics and roles of human resources, as well as terms of reference to conduct activities related to the strengthening of information systems for health in the region of the Americas.

IS4H Terms of Reference for ICT Assessment and Costing Consultancy

The digital transformation toolkit was created with the aim of offering managerial, technical, knowledge, communication, and academic resources to all those health professionals, decision-makers, and institutions dedicated to strengthening health information systems, with the vision of achieving universal access to health and universal health coverage in the Region through access to good quality data, strategic information, and digital health tools for decision-making and well-being. The category of managerial tools within the digital transformation toolkit provides support materials for the construction of technical groups, strategies, planning guides, characteristics and roles of human resources, as well as terms of reference to conduct activities related to the strengthening of information systems for health in the region of the Americas.

Post description IS4H Manager

The digital transformation toolkit was created with the aim of offering managerial, technical, knowledge, communication, and academic resources to all those health professionals, decision-makers, and institutions dedicated to strengthening health information systems, with the vision of achieving universal access to health and universal health coverage in the Region through access to good quality data, strategic information, and digital health tools for decision-making and well-being. The category of managerial tools within the digital transformation toolkit provides support materials for the construction of technical groups, strategies, planning guides, characteristics and roles of human resources, as well as terms of reference to conduct activities related to the strengthening of information systems for health in the region of the Americas.

Functional Assessment Consultancy Terms of Reference

The digital transformation toolkit was created with the aim of offering managerial, technical, knowledge, communication, and academic resources to all those health professionals, decision-makers, and institutions dedicated to strengthening health information systems, with the vision of achieving universal access to health and universal health coverage in the Region through access to good quality data, strategic information, and digital health tools for decision-making and well-being. The category of managerial tools within the digital transformation toolkit provides support materials for the construction of technical groups, strategies, planning guides, characteristics and roles of human resources, as well as terms of reference to conduct activities related to the strengthening of information systems for health in the region of the Americas.

Maturity Assessment Planning Guide

The digital transformation toolkit was created with the aim of offering managerial, technical, knowledge, communication, and academic resources to all those health professionals, decision-makers, and institutions dedicated to strengthening health information systems, with the vision of achieving universal access to health and universal health coverage in the Region through access to good quality data, strategic information, and digital health tools for decision-making and well-being. The category of managerial tools within the digital transformation toolkit provides support materials for the construction of technical groups, strategies, planning guides, characteristics and roles of human resources, as well as terms of reference to conduct activities related to the strengthening of information systems for health in the region of the Americas.

Developing a National eHealth Strategy

The digital transformation toolkit was created with the aim of offering managerial, technical, knowledge, communication, and academic resources to all those health professionals, decision-makers, and institutions dedicated to strengthening health information systems, with the vision of achieving universal access to health and universal health coverage in the Region through access to good quality data, strategic information, and digital health tools for decision-making and well-being. The category of managerial tools within the digital transformation toolkit provides support materials for the construction of technical groups, strategies, planning guides, characteristics and roles of human resources, as well as terms of reference to conduct activities related to the strengthening of information systems for health in the region of the Americas.

Plataforma Clínica Global da OMS para COVID-19. Dados para a resposta da saúde pública. Relatório sobre a caracterização clínica da COVID-19 Brasil. Junho 2021

Em resposta à nova pandemia de coronavírus (COVID-19) em 2019, a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) lançou a Plataforma Clínica Global da OMS para COVID-19. O objetivo é fornecer aos estados membros um sistema padronizado de coleta de dados clínicos para caracterizar a história natural da doença, identificar fatores de risco para doença grave e desfechos ruins, descrever intervenções e resultados de tratamento em adultos e crianças e em subpopulações, incluindo gestantes e indivíduos infectados pelo HIV. Este relatório descreve os dados demográficos, a apresentação clínica, a terapêutica, as manifestações clínicas e os desfechos em pacientes hospitalizados por suspeita ou confirmação de COVID-19, que foram relatados à Plataforma Clínica Global da OMS pelas unidades de saúde e partes interessadas no país. Observe que todas as menções subsequentes da COVID-19 se referem a casos de COVID-19 com suspeita clínica ou laboratorial.Informações clínicas anônimas detalhadas de 19.474 pacientes com suspeita ou confirmação de COVID-19, internados em unidades de saúde entre 1° de janeiro de 2020 e 31 de março de 2021, foram enviadas para a Plataforma Clínica sobre COVID-19 da OMS. Os dados foram extraídos para análise em 24 de junho de 2021.

SCORE for health data technical package: global report on health data systems and capacity, 2020

Data and information that help governments prioritize health challenges and allocate necessary resources rely on strong country health information systems. These systems identify health care availability as well as access and quality of care issues that prevent the attainment of universal health coverage (UHC). The same country health information systems also provide important data for global monitoring for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and other donor reporting. To meet the increasingly complex demands on countries for health information, the new SCORE for Health Data Technical Package brings together, for the first time, a set of the most effective interventions and tools for addressing critical data gaps and strengthening country health data for planning and monitoring health priorities. The package is based on five key interventions, represented by the acronym SCORE. Interventions S, C and O focus on improving critical data sources, their availability and quality; while R and E aim to enhance the synthesis, analysis, access and use of health data for action. Key components of the SCORE package were launched in August 2020 ­ SCORE Essential interventions for strengthening country health information systems and SCORE Tools and standards. Together, these documents provide an overview of health information systems, the context and indicators of each intervention, examples of actions needed to strengthen different aspects of the system and a summary of the best tools and standards to do so. An additional key component of the SCORE package is the Assessment instrument which was developed to evaluate a country's health information system according to the five SCORE interventions. One hundred and thirty three country health information systems were assessed, covering 87% of the global population, with the data collected between 2013 and 2018. The results of the global assessment are published in this SCORE Global report on health data systems and capacity, 2020. Accompanying the global report is the SCORE Assessment methodology which provides details of the indicators and methodologies applied in the assessment and subsequent analyses. This report is particularly timely and highlights how important it is to strengthen a country's health information system to meet data needs. Among several key findings, the income divide between high and low-income countries is reflected in the lack of health information system capacity to address fundamental areas such as the registration of births, deaths and causes of death. While some countries have achieved sustainable capacity in some key areas, no country has a fully mature system capable of meeting their evolving needs for health information. The report provides recommendations for countries to prioritize investments in health information system and is published during one of the most data-strained public health crisis responses ever - that of the COVID-19 pandemic. As countries' health information systems have had to track COVID-19, they have also had to continue tracking other health priorities. This challenge underlines the demand to improve countries' health information system to meet current and future data needs. While the global report's assessment predates the COVID-19 pandemic, the results remain relevant, highlighting the key gaps and challenges countries face around the world. All countries have the potential to realise stronger data systems. The report assesses the five SCORE interventions that determine if a country has a fully mature health information system with the capacity to meet a country's evolving data needs. Up to 60% of the countries have a well-developed or sustainable capacity for reviewing progress and performance of their health sector and more than half have a well-developed or sustainable capacity to survey populations and health risks. Fewer countries reach such capacity for the other three interventions, but over half of all countries have moderate or better capacity for each of the five interventions, respectively. No single country assessed achieves sustainable capacity across all five interventions, nor meets best practice guidelines across the full spectrum of the health information system. Therefore, all countries could benefit from understanding the gaps in their system and follow SCORE recommendations for improvement.

Indicadores de impacto y prestigio de las revistas de ciencias de la salud indizadas en la red SciELO: estudio comparativo / Impact and prestige indicators of SciELO network health sciences journals: comparative study

OBJETIVO: La utilización de indicadores bibliométricos para medir la calidad de las revistas científicas es una práctica generalizada en todos los ámbitos de la ciencia. Las bases de datos WoS y Scopus siguen siendo las fuentes de referencia en la obtención de indicadores biblométricos. Han surgido otras como la red SciELO que ofrecen indicadores de la ciencia iberoamericana, escasamente recogida en WoS y Scopus. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la asociación de los indicadores propuestos por SciELO para las revistas de ciencias de la salud, con los indicadores de impacto más utilizados y estudiar la complementariedad de los indicadores de prestigio existentes. MÉTODOS: Estudio analítico correlacional entre los indicadores ofrecidos por SciELO con los indicadores de impacto y prestigio de Journal Citation Report, Scopus y Web of Science. Se estudiaron los resultados de la anualidad 2018 al ser la más actual de la que se disponían los datos completos. Se analizó la existencia de asociación entre las variables cualitativas mediante la prueba de la chi-cuadrado, y en las variables cuantitativas se realizó el análisis de la varianza (ANOVA) utilizando como prueba post hoc el método de Tukey. Para obtener la relación entre variables cuantitativas se usó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y para las variables ordinales el de Spearman. El nivel de significación utilizado en todos los contrastes de hipótesis fue alfa ≤0,05. RESULTADOS: El Factor de Impacto de SciELO presentó débil correlación tanto con el del Journal Citation Report (R=0,36; p = 0,003), como con el Cite Score de Scopus (R=0,39; p = 0,001). La asociación entre los índices H de la Web of Science y de Scopus, con el índice H de SciELO fue débil en ambos casos(R=0,45; p < 0,001 y R=0,340; p = 0,003). CONCLUSIONES: Los indicadores propuestos por SciELO para las revistas de las ciencias de la salud no presentaron asociación con los de WoS o Scopus. La no relación entre el Factor de Impacto y el CiteScore con el Factor de Impacto de SciELO convierte a este último en una "metría" necesaria para valorar las revistas excluidas de la "corriente principal" y fundamentalmente las del área latinoamericana. No se ha demostrado necesidad de utilizar los indicadores de prestigio para cumplimentar a los de impacto

OBJECTIVE: The use of bibliometric indicators to measure the quality of scientific journals is a general practice in all areas of science. The WoS and Scopus databases continue to be the reference sources to obtain bibliographic indicators. Others such as SciELO network offer indicators about Ibero-American science, which are scarcely collected in WoS and Scopus. The aim of this work was to analyze the association of the indicators proposed by SciELO for health sciences journals, with the most widely used impact and indicators and to study the complementarity of the existing prestige indicators. METHODS: Analytical correlational study between SciELO indicators, with impact and prestige indicators from Journal Citation Report, Scopus and Web of Science. The results refer to 2018, the most recent and complete data available. Association between the qualitative variables was analyzed using the chi-square test, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for the quantitative variables using the Tukey method as a post hoc test. To obtain the relationship between quantitative variables, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used and Spearman's coefficient for ordinal variables. The level of significance used in all the hypothesis tests was Alpha ≤0.05. RESULTS: The SciELO Impact Factor showed a weak correlation both, with Journal Citation Report (R=0.36; p = 0.003), and Scopus Cite Score (R=0.39; p = 0.001). The association between the H index of the Web of Science andthe H index of Scopus with the H index of SciELO was weak in both cases (R=0.45; p < 0.001 and R=0.340; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Indicators proposed by SciELO, for health journals, did not show an association with those of WoS or Scopus. The weak correlation between Impact Factor and Cite Score with SciELO Impact Factor, converts the latter into a necessary "metrics" to assess journals excluded from the "mainstream" and fundamentally those from the Latin American region. The need of using the prestige indicators to fill in the impact indicators, has not been proven in this study

Norma técnica de salud para la gestión de la historia clínica / Technical health standard for the management of medical records

La norma los procedimientos para la gestión de la Historia Clínica, a fin de contribuir a mejorar la calidad de atención a los usuarios de los servicios de salud, a través de un adecuado manejo, conservación y eliminación de las Historias Clínicas, así como a proteger los intereses legales de los usuarios, del personal de la salud y de las Instituciones Prestadoras de Servicios de Salud - IPRESS del Sector Salud.